史上最值錢沈船 「聖荷西號」在哥國找到 價值735億！
▲著名寶船「聖荷西號」戰艦在作戰時的畫面。這艘沈船據信載著史上最值錢的一批沉船寶藏。(圖／翻攝自網路)
國際中心／綜合報導館
哥倫比亞政府上周五(4日)發表首批照片，宣布發現沉沒300多年的西班牙著名寶船「聖荷西號」戰艦(San Jose galleon)，船上貨物價值估計至少15億英鎊(約735億台幣)，據信這是史上最值錢的一批沉船寶藏。
哥倫比亞總統桑托斯(Juan Manuel Santos)指出，官方探險團隊在加納比海港市卡塔赫納(Cartagena)附近水域，發現有「聖荷西號」殘骸。 專家指出，探險團隊上月27日利用遙控潛艇發現該船殘骸，然後根據鑄有海豚圖案的火砲，確認沉船是「聖荷西號」。
「聖荷西號」被譽為是「沉船中的聖杯」。該船在1708年載着大批黃金、白銀和寶石計劃從美洲返航西班牙，目的是西班牙國王費利佩五世(King Philip V）爭奪法國王位繼承權作戰。
這場戰爭起因是法王路易十四未將有法國王室血統的費利佩五世從從法蘭西王位繼承人名單中剔除。路易十四的理由是：萬一自己有所不測，菲利佩可以繼承法蘭西王位，延續波旁家族的血脈。但英格蘭及奧地利等國認為波旁家族有意將要合併西班牙及法蘭西兩大王國，遂引發兩大集團的戰爭。「聖荷西號」因為捲入這場王位繼承人戰爭 ，不幸在返航 途中被英國海軍擊沉，此後即一直成為尋寶人的目標。
美國打撈公司「 搜尋無敵戰艦隊」(Sea Search Armada)在1980年代初曾宣稱找到「聖荷西號」，但至今未獲證實。 該公司曾就沉船所有權跟與哥國政府展開訴訟，最終於2011年被美國法院判決敗訴。
哥國並未公開「聖荷西號」確實位置，但表示計劃打撈沉船，並會為它興建專題博物館
原文網址: 史上最值錢沈船 「聖荷西號」在哥國找到 價值735億！ | ETtoday國際新聞 | ETtoday 新聞雲 http://www.ettoday.net/news/20151207/609339.htm#ixzz3uCUJzn81
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Colombian authorities have released the first pictures of the wreck of a 300-year-old Spanish treasure ship that was found on Friday after a decades-long search.
The San Jose was sunk by the Royal Navy off the coast of Cartagena 300 years ago, carrying up to 11million gold and silver coins, as well as emeralds and other precious stones. It was transporting the booty back to Spain to help finance its war of succession against Britain.
It had gained a reputation as the 'holy grail' of shipwrecks, as the ship was carrying one of the most valuable haul of treasure ever to have been lost at sea.
No treasure has yet been brought to the surface, but it is estimated that the haul will be valued at up to $1.5billion.
The first photos of the San Jose, a Spanish Galleon that sank off the coast of Cartagena more than 300 years ago, have been revealed
Finally found: Colombia's president says searchers have found the wreck of the San José, a Spanish galleon that was sunk more than 300 years ago while carrying a big cargo of gold and precious stones
Experts sent down a deep-sea camera to examine the ship's wreckage ahead of a planned salvage operation
Thus far, sonar images have spotted bronze cannons made specifically for the ship, arms, ceramics and other artifacts
The San Jose was found submerged off the coast of Baru in what is now Colombia, near the Rosario Islands. Colombian officials have not revealed its exact location.
Experts sent down a deep-sea camera to examine the wreckage ahead of a planned salvage operation.
Sonar images reveal bronze cannons made specifically for the ship, arms, ceramics and other artifacts.
Mr Santos, the Colombian president, said it was 'one of the greatest - if not the biggest, as some say - discoveries of submerged patrimony in the history of mankind'. The wreck is reported to qualify as a UN underwater cultural heritage site.
The San Jose was sunk during an attack by Britain's Royal Navy in 1708 in the Caribbean Sea close to the walled port city of Cartagena.
It was discovered by a team of international experts, the Colombian Navy and the country's archaeology institute.
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Colombian President Juan Manuel Santos announced at a press conference on Saturday that the ship would be salvaged and showcased in a museum
It is believed that the ship could be holding emeralds and gold and silver coins worth as much as $1.5billion
The San Jose discovered by a team of international experts, the Colombian Navy and the country's archaeology institute
BUILDING AN EMPIRE: WHY SPANISH GALLEONS SAILED BETWEEN EUROPE AND THE AMERICAS LADEN WITH GOLD, SILVER AND PRECIOUS STONES
Between the 16th and the 18th Century, at the height of its Empire, fleets of Spanish galleons made countless voyages between Europe and the Americas.
They transported European goods to Spanish colonies in the Americas before being loaded up with plundered gold, silver, emeralds and other precious stones and metals to be taken back to Spain.
Two fleets of between 30 and 90 vessels would sail from Seville to the American colonies every year. One, the Flota de Nova Espana, would leave every springtime for Vera Cruz, in what is now Mexico, with ships detached to the West Indies and Honduras on the way.
On average, two fleets of between 30 and 90 Spanish ships would sail from Sevilla (Seville) to the American colonies every year. One - the Flota de Nova Espana - left in the spring for Vera Cruz, in what is now Mexico, with ships detached to the West Indies and Honduras on the way. The other - the Esquadron de Terra Firme - left in August for Cartagena, in modern day Colombia, and Porto Bello, on the Atlantic coast of Panama. After wintering in the Americas, both fleets met at Havana the following spring and returned to Spain together
The other, the Esquadron de Terra Firme, would set sail in August for Cartagena, in modern day Colombia, and Porto Bello (now Portobelo), on the Atlantic coast of Panama.
After wintering in the Americas, both fleets would meet at Havana the following spring and return to Spain together, under the protection of warships, known as galleons.
A change of strategy was implemented in the 17th century, however, when all treasure from the New World started to be transported in the galleons themselves.
English Commodore, Sir Charles Wager
Military muscle was needed to defend against attacks from Britain's Royal Navy, which tried to capture the vessels as a way of cutting off Spain's war finances.
The treasure ships were also under serious threat from pirates. So many seabound brigands were operating in the period that it has since been dubbed the 'Golden Age of Piracy'.
Britain, the Netherlands and France, all hostile to Spain, hired pirates to plunder Spanish galleons in the Caribbean Sea. These pirates, called privateers, also joined forces with local raiders from Jamaica, Tortuga and Hispaniola in the Caribbean, who were known as buccaneers.
This combination of hostile forces led to the sinking of more than 1,000 Spanish galleons and merchant ships off the coast of Colombia during three centuries of colonial rule.
The sinking of so many Spanish ships left vast sums of treasure lying on the seabed, with some archaeologists estimating the total value of such wrecks to be worth tens of billions of dollars.
The San Jose was tracked down 16 miles off Cartagena by English Commodore Charles Wager.
A fight ensued, with Wager planning to take control of the Spanish ship's crew and cargo. But before the treasure-laden ship could be captured, it was blown up. Most of the 600 souls aboard perished when the vessel sank.
Wager was a British Admiral and First Lord of the Admiralty between 1733 and 1742. He was heavily involved in the development of new bases in the Caribbean, and in December 1742 was appointed Treasurer of the Navy in the British Government.
Wager is said to have been living at Stanley House, Chelsea, when he died, peacefully, in May 1743 at the age of 77.
The former British Admiral was buried in the north cross of Westminster Abbey. He later had a monument erected in his honour with the inscription 'The destroying & taking the SPANISH GALLEONS A.D. 1708'.
Colombia's president, Juan Manuel Santos, said on Saturday that his country will build a museum to showcase artefacts found in the wreckage of San Jose.
Approximately 600 people died in the shipwreck, he said.
'We will build a great museum here in Cartagena,' Santos said on national television from Cartagena's naval base.
'Without a doubt, without room for any doubt, we have found, 307 years after it sank, the San Jose galleon,' Santos said.
Ernesto Montenegro, Director of the Colombian Institute of Anthropology and History of Colombia, shows a picture of remains of the Galleon San Jose during a press conference in Cartagena, Colombia on Saturday
The ship was sunk in an attack by the British in 1708 and has been submerged off the coast of Baru in what is now Colombia near the Rosario Islands
The San Jose was the subject of a legal dispute between Colombia and Sea Search Armada (SSA), a U.S.-based salvage company. SSA said in 1981 it had located the area where the ship sank.
The company and the government agreed to split any proceeds from the wreckage, but the government later said all treasure would belong to Colombia, a view that was backed by a U.S. court in 2011.
Few government spokespeople will be able to speak further on the galleon until more investigations are completed, Santos said.
It was unclear how much of the body of the ship remained and whether it would be brought to dry land.
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